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COMPREHENSIVE INTERACTIVE REPORT · High lineage; sparse fossils

Denisovans

DNA-revealed lineageAt least 300,000–50,000 years ago · Asia
Evidence-led reconstruction of Denisovans
Scientific reconstruction · appearance remains interpretive · clothing: unknown

Current synthesis

An archaic human lineage first identified genetically and now connected to a growing but still limited fossil and protein record.

01

Anatomy

Known from teeth, jaws, fragmentary bones and the Harbin cranium attribution; a complete body reconstruction is not possible.

02

Ecology & food

Occupied Siberian, Tibetan Plateau and probably broader Asian environments.

03

Technology

Denisova and Baishiya occupations include stone tools and animal processing, but artifact authorship varies by layer.

04

Clothing evidence

The record is too sparse to reconstruct Denisovan clothing confidently. Reconstruction is shown without garments.

05

Behavior & social evidence

High-altitude adaptation and repeated cave use are supported; named rituals and broad cultural unity are not.

06

Relationships

A sister lineage to Neanderthals with several introgression events into living populations.

07

Controversies

Which Asian fossils are Denisovan and how genetic lineages align with morphospecies names.

08

What reaches forward

Denisovan-derived variants remain important in some Oceanian, Asian and Indigenous American ancestries.

SOURCE DESK

Verify the record.

Denisovan genome ↗Research update · 10.1038/s41586-024-07612-9 ↗Research update · 10.1126/science.adu9677 ↗Research update · 10.1016/j.cell.2025.05.040 ↗Research update · 10.1126/science.ads3888 ↗Research update · 10.1038/s41586-026-10976-9 ↗Research update · 10.1038/s41586-026-10997-4 ↗
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